Speer was born in Mannheim, into an upper-middle-class family. [137], Speer's release from prison was a worldwide media event. [170] Historian Martin Kitchen states that Speer was actually "fully aware of what had happened to the Jews" and was "intimately involved in the 'Final Solution'". [1]:55,71,7879,83,105,115116,138,188,651,674,696, Starting in April 1942, Speer became aware of the potential of German nuclear research in developing, in his words, "a weapon which could annihilate whole cities." In the aftermath of the Night of the Long Knives, he had been commissioned to renovate the Borsig Palace on the corner of Vostrae and Wilhelmstrae as headquarters of the Sturmabteilung (SA). [2] In 1918, the family leased their Mannheim residence and moved to a home they had in Heidelberg. He fabricated the additional details. [29] Speer modified Werner March's design for the Olympic Stadium being built for the 1936 Summer Olympics. sort by. The V-2's first target was Paris on 8 September 1944. 46.104 since 1942 - according to himself he declined all Ehrenrnge offered, but in the end accepted the Rank of a SS-Mann. Fordonsmklarna Blocket, Kpop Groups That Start With Y, Arbetsgivardeklaration Individuppgift, What Happened To Katelyn Thornley, Josh Kesselman Net Worth 2020, How To Install Samsung Notes On Huawei, Finland Immigration For Skilled Workers, Albert Speer Brother Stalingrad, Ambulanshelikopter Pilot Ln, Ortopediska Arbetsskor, Raskatter Omplacering, Ekonomi Och Redovisningsassistent . [113] Speer was indicted on four counts: participating in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of crime against peace; planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression and other crimes against peace; war crimes; and crimes against humanity. [75] By April 1943, Sauckel had supplied 1,568,801 "voluntary" laborers, forced laborers, prisoners of war and concentration camp prisoners to Speer for use in his armaments factories. It's the end of an era: The company's founder Professor Albert Speer passes away in September aged 83. by PanzerKavallerie 27 Jul 2005, 07:49, Post The building was able to hold 340,000 people. The Battle of Stalingrad was a brutal military campaign between Russian forces and those of Nazi Germany and the Axis powers during World War II. The family learned of this through some letters Ernst sent. I knew that these must be Berlin Jews who were being evacuated. Speer made no mention of it in the first draft of Inside the Third Reich. [20], Shortly after Hitler came into power, he began to make plans to rebuild the chancellery. Schmidt authored the first book that was highly critical of Speer. He was credited with a dramatic increase in the shipment of arms that was widely reported as keeping Germany in the war. [81], In response to the Allied Big Week, Adolf Hitler authorized the creation of a Fighter Staff committee. It had been edited by Wolters and made no mention of the Jews. [74] In occupied areas of the Soviet Union, that had been subject to partisan action, civilian men and women were rounded up en masse and sent to work forcibly in Germany. This ignored military realities, as the German armed forces were unable to match the Allies' firepower and were facing total defeat. He agreed to expand Auschwitz and some other camps, allocating 13.7 million Reichsmarks for the work to be carried out. Inside the Third Reich. [92] The rockets were built at an underground factory at Mittelwerk. Speer's desperate mother called Speer . Speer enthusiastically supported the program and in March 1942 made an order for A4 rockets, the predecessor of the world's first ballistic missile, the V-2 rocket. [43], During the Chancellery project, the pogrom of Kristallnacht took place. [51] Speer used forced Jewish labor on these projects, in addition to regular German workers. Labor to build the A4 rockets came from the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp. by. The task force was established by 1 March 1944, orders of Speer, with support from Erhard Milch of the Reich Aviation Ministry. On May 15th, 1945, the Americans captured Speer and quizzed him on the success or otherwise of the Allied bombing campaign. [39], Plans to build a new Reich chancellery had been underway since 1934. [126] In Spandau Diaries, Speer aimed to present himself as a tragic hero who had made a Faustian bargain for which he endured a harsh prison sentence. His brothers names were Charles, Albert, Louis (Ludwig), and He lost yet more authority. She was a kind and simple lady, living for her children. Rereading Albert Speer's "Inside the Third Reich". all Albert Speer wanted was to feel important. This image dominated his historiography in the decades following the war, giving rise to the "Speer Myth": the perception of him as an apolitical technocrat responsible for revolutionizing the German war machine. It takes the reader inside Nazi Germany on four different levels: Hitler's inner circle, National Socialism as a whole, the area of wartime production and the inner struggle of Albert Speer. he is one of Germany's top architects. Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. [18], The organizers of the 1933 Nuremberg Rally asked Speer to submit designs for the rally, bringing him into contact with Hitler for the first time. Albert was active in sports, taking up skiing and mountaineering. Like many of those in power in the Third Reich, he was not an ideologue, "nor was he anything more than an instinctive anti-Semite. Until 2 September 1943 the position's official name was Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions. [37] Speer hired Wolters as part of his design team, with special responsibility for the Prachtstrasse. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad In September 1945, he was told that he would be tried for war crimes, and several days later, he was moved to Nuremberg and incarcerated there. Albert Speer (n.Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, 19 martie 1905 d. 1 septembrie 1981) a fost un arhitect german care a fost, pentru o parte din al Doilea Rzboi Mondial, ministrul al narmrii i produciei de rzboi pentru al Treilea Reich.Speer a fost arhitectul preferat al lui Adolf Hitler, nainte de a ocupa posturi ministeriale.i-a asumat responsabilitatea pentru crimele . [77] His close relationship with Hitler provided him with political protection, and he was able to outwit and outmaneuver his rivals in the regime. While dozens of submarines were built, few ever entered service. Beginning in 1948, Speer had the services of Toni Proost, a sympathetic Dutch orderly to smuggle mail and his writings. His formal title was changed on 2 September 1943, to "Reich Minister for Armaments and War Production". The journalist had unwittingly collaborated in one of his myths. [36] At the northern end of the boulevard, Speer planned to build the Volkshalle, a huge domed assembly hall over 700 feet (210m) high, with floor space for 180,000 people. His father, the son and grandson of architects, had joined the Nazi party in 1931 and soon . "[4] His brothers, Ernst and Hermann, bullied him throughout his childhood. Once Speer became aware of the existence of the fund, he sent detailed instructions about what to do with the money. Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. [124], The prisoners were forbidden to write memoirs. Inside the Third Reich (German: Erinnerungen, "Memories") is a memoir written by Albert Speer, the Nazi Minister of Armaments from 1942 to 1945, serving as Adolf Hitler's main architect before this period. Contributor: C. Peter Chen ww2dbase Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer was born in Mannheim, Germany, into a wealthy middle class family to Albert and Luise Speer. For the record, Ernst Speer is discussed at p. 336 in Beevor's "Stalingrad" (Penguin 2007), The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section, Life in the Third Reich & Weimar Republic, Kriegsmarine surface ships and Kriegsmarine in general, Luftwaffe air units and Luftwaffe in general, German Strategy & General German Military Discussion, NSDAP, other party organizations & Government, The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section, The Ron Klages Panzer & other vehicles Section, Panzer & other vehicles - Photo threads, Axis Documents, Feldpost numbers, Postcards & Other Paper Items, The United Kingdom & its Empire and Commonwealth 1919-45, The Allies and the Neutral States in general, German Colonies and Overseas Expeditions, The end of the Ottoman Empire 1908-1923, Translation help: Breaking the Sound Barrier. A groundbreaking 26-part documentary series narrated by the actor Laurence Olivier about the deadliest conflict in history, World War II. I myself must carry this out. From 1939 on, Speer's Department used the Nuremberg Laws to evict Jewish tenants of non-Jewish landlords in Berlin, to make way for non-Jewish tenants displaced by redevelopment or bombing. Werner Heisenberg told Speer "the scientific solution had already been found and that theoretically nothing stood in the way of building such a bomb." There was no communication. [171] Brechtken said Speer only admitted to a generalized responsibility for the Holocaust to hide his direct and actual responsibility. Speer provided Hitler with a memorandum on 15 March, which detailed Germany's dire economic situation and sought approval to cease demolitions of infrastructure. [49] Martin Kitchen described Speer's often repeated line that he knew nothing of the "dreadful things" as hollowbecause not only was he fully aware of the fate of the Jews he was actively participating in their persecution. There were so many corpses at the Dora underground factory, for example, that the crematorium was overwhelmed. [176] In 2007, The Guardian reported that a letter from Speer dated 23 December 1971, had been found in a collection of his correspondence with Hlne Jeanty, the widow of a Belgian resistance fighter. alberts side and was generally desribed as a wastrel. Madonna Speaks Out Following Brother Anthony Ciccone's Death Thanking Him for His 'Important . The concrete cylinder, 14 metres (46ft) high, was used to measure ground subsidence as part of feasibility studies for a massive triumphal arch and other large structures planned within Hitler's post-war renewal project for the city of Berlin as the world capital Germania. Many more buildings were planned. Using misleading statistics, he promoted himself as having performed an armaments miracle that was widely credited with keeping Germany in the war. Inside the Third Reich begins with an account of Speer's childhood, followed by a description of his role as Heinrich Tessenow's assistant at the Technical University of Berlin. Little remains of his personal architectural work. He was more forthright in an interview with William Hamsher in which he said he joined the party in order to save "Germany from Communism". [13], In mid-1922, Speer began courting Margarete (Margret) Weber (19051987), the daughter of a successful craftsman who employed 50 workers. During the winter of 194142, in the light of Germany's disastrous defeat in the Battle of Moscow, the German leadership including Friedrich Fromm, Georg Thomas and Fritz Todt had come to the conclusion that the war could not be won. [119] While three of the eight judges (two Soviet and American Francis Biddle) advocated the death penalty for Speer, the other judges did not, and a compromise sentence was reached after two days of discussions. [26] Brechtken added that, throughout Speer's life, his central motives were to gain power, rule, and acquire wealth. [45] Kristallnacht accelerated Speer's ongoing efforts to dispossess Berlin's Jews from their homes. By the autumn of 1942 however, the estimated period for developing a weapon had increased to three to four years, much too long to affect the war. A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison. Hitler appointed Speer as head of the Chief Office for Construction, which placed him nominally on Hess's staff. [53] Speer's offices undertook building work for each branch of the military, and for the SS, using slave labor. [32], On 30 January 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for the Reich Capital. Hitler appointed Speer, whose work for Goebbels had impressed him, to manage the building site for Troost. "[2] A review by Kirkus Reviews on 27 August 1970 stated, "Speer's portrayals of the Nazi leadership, of the constant intrigues and rivalries among Hitler's entourage, and of Hitler himself, his histrionic virulence, his banality, and his peculiar magic, are engrossing and revealing. Sereny gained respect for his sincerity in his personal "battle with truth.". - Han var ikke sdan en morfar, man sad p skdet af, og . He lost Hitler's unconditional support and began to lose power. Described by associates as ice cold. [58] Characteristically Hitler did not give Speer any clear remit; he was left to fight his contemporaries in the regime for power and control. Paradoxically, when Speer died in 1981, he was described by the New York Times as a . He took a role in that short-lived regime as Minister of Industry and Production. Supposing politics to be irrelevant, he turned aside and built roads and bridges and factories, while the logical consequences of government by madmen emerged. FC Bayern Munich opens a new sports complex with a youth academy planned by AS+P. One thing that happened in early 1840 of Victoria time was that By the time Prisoner Number 5Albert Speerwalked out of Spandau Prison on 1 October 1966, he was known to the world as the "Good Nazi.". Albert Speer ( 19. bezna 1905 Mannheim - 1. z 1981 Londn ), celm jmnem Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, byl hlavn architekt Adolfa Hitlera a pozdji ministr zbrojnho a vlenho prmyslu nacistickho Nmecka. Speer described the personalities of many Nazi officials, including Joseph Goebbels, Hermann Gring, Heinrich Himmler, Rudolf Hess, Martin Bormann, and, of course, Hitler himself. [23][24], In the English version of his memoirs, Speer says that his political commitment merely consisted of paying his "monthly dues". After he failed to do so, his father gave him a part-time job as manager of his properties. He studied under Bestelmeyer, Billing, and Tessenow, and rose to prominence on the death of Troost, becoming Adolf Hitler's (1889-1945) friend, confidant, and architect from 1934.His interest in archaeology led him to evolve a style of architecture that would be as expressive as anything left by Ancient Rome, and his . [156] Speer took his myth-making to a mass media level and his "cunning apologies" were reproduced frequently in post-war Germany. [46] Eventually, 75,000 Jews were displaced by these measures. Albert Speer, Germany Architect. Speer was aided in shaping the works by Joachim Fest and Wolf Jobst Siedler from the publishing house Ullstein. bio je arhitekt i ministar naoruanja u nacistikoj Njemakoj. While they were there his friend, Nazi Party official Karl Hanke recommended the young architect to Joseph Goebbels to help renovate the Party's Berlin headquarters. [81] He was under the dubious care of Professor Karl Gebhardt at a medical clinic called Hohenlychen where patients "mysteriously failed to survive". Victoria married. [166] Another myth centered around a faked plan to assassinate Hitler with poisonous gas. Ultimately, when their emergence involved the ruin of all his work, Speer accepted the consequences and acted. Speer (Albert Speer's brother) and his life. He had walked more than 30,000 kilometres (19,000mi), ending his sentence near Guadalajara, Mexico. As "the Nazi who said sorry", he accepted moral responsibility at the Nuremberg trials . [99][169], Speer maintained at the Nuremberg trials and in his memoirs that he had no direct knowledge of the Holocaust. The film began a process of demystification and critical reappraisal. [60] It did not immediately dawn on his political rivals that his calls for rationalization and reorganization were hiding his desire to sideline them and take control. His mother died in 1952. [128] Spandau had a large enclosed yard where inmates were allocated plots of land for gardening. The relationship will always amaze. [80], In December 1943, Speer visited Organisation Todt workers in Lapland, while there he seriously damaged his knee and was incapacitated for several months. This allowed an extra 300 huts to be built at Auschwitz, increasing the total human capacity to 132,000. Hitler's cabinet was dismayed at his tactics, but, regardless, he was able to accumulate new responsibilities and more power. Oil production became so low that any possibility of offensive action became impossible and weaponry lay idle. Speer's illness coincided with the Allied "Big Week", a series of bombing raids on the German aircraft factories that were a devastating blow to aircraft production. Albert Speer was the Nazi Party's chief architect, a close confidant of Adolf Hitler and the brains behind the Nazi military production machine. He coveted control of the production of armaments for the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine as well. [15], In January 1931, Speer applied for Nazi Party membership, and on 1 March 1931, he became member number 474,481. For propaganda Hitler claimed during the topping-out ceremony on 2 August 1938, that he had ordered Speer to complete the new chancellery that year. Speer's books were a success; the public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich. The film presents original videos from the Nazi Germany period and conversations with Speer, in which the great deception he tried to present at the Nuremberg trials and in his book is revealed.[6]. Speer II is more than an urban planner. Prisoners worked for Junkers, Messerschmitt, Henschel and BMW, among others. [181] The tribune of the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg, though partly demolished, can also be seen. This delayed the program, and Speer was unable to remedy the situation. After August 1944, oil from the Romanian fields was no longer available. "[48] Matthias Schmidt said Speer had personally inspected concentration camps and described his comments as an "outright farce". He has risen to the top of the . Albert Speer, Hitler's architect, who became Minister of Armaments and War Production in World War II, died today at St. Mary's Hospital. The battle is infamous as one of the largest . [12] In Munich Speer began a close friendship, ultimately spanning over 50 years, with Rudolf Wolters, who also studied under Tessenow. A speech by Albert Speer (there is an account of this speech in Albert Speer, Erinnerungen [Berlin, 1969], p. 325) was followed by speeches of his deputies: Willy Schliecker, the expert on American rearmament; Walther Rohland, the head of Panzer production; Karl Frydag, who was in charge of aircraft building; and Otto Merker, who was . Thanks! [112], Speer was taken to several internment centres for Nazi officials and interrogated. [146] Adam Tooze in his book The Wages of Destruction said Speer had manoeuvred himself through the ranks of the regime skillfully and ruthlessly and that the idea he was a technocrat blindly carrying out orders was "absurd". The complicated architecture of Albert Speer, Jr. From being the son of a Nazi to becoming one of the world's foremost architects, this 82-year-old urban planner has been on top of the German planning world for more than half a century. There's a small road going to the right. During his life, he worked on redesigning city centers of . [138] He said little, reserving most comments for a major interview published in Der Spiegel in November 1966. In 1942, he was named Minister of Armaments and Munitions, assuming significant responsibility for the German war economy. Then it was too late; Germany had been destroyed. [109] Speer was disappointed that Hitler had not selected him as his successor. Its aim was to ensure the preservation and growth of fighter aircraft production. Startseite; Cytologie. At the end of 1933, he contracted Paul Troost to renovate the entire building. Despite this opposition, the two married in Berlin on 28 August 1928; seven years elapsed before Margarete was invited to stay at her in-laws' home. The Israeli documentary "Speer Goes to Hollywood," directed by Vanessa Lapa, traces this attempted 1970s reinvention of Albert Speer, who served as Hitler's architect and was sentenced . Finally, in the summer of 1943, Speer released the 1200 metric tons of uranium stock for use in solid-core ammunition. [79] This belief proved incorrect, and Speer and Merker's attempt to build the Kriegsmarine's new generation of submarines, the Type XXI and Type XXIII, as prefabricated sections at different facilities rather than at single dockyards contributed to the failure of this strategically important program. He was not involved in the plot, and played a minor role in the regime's efforts to regain control over Berlin after Hitler survived. [72] Hitler gave Sauckel a free hand to obtain labor, something that delighted Speer, who had requested 1,000,000 "voluntary" laborers to meet the need for armament workers. [15] Instead, he revised his Spandau writings into two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich (in German, Erinnerungen, or Reminiscences[140]) and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. [26], The image of the good Nazi was supported by numerous Speer myths. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding his degree of awareness or involvement with them. [56] Hitler appointed Speer in Todt's place. [78] In August 1943, he took control of most of the Ministry of Economics, to become, in Admiral Dnitz's words, "Europe's economic dictator". Speer states that even if Germany concentrated all of its resources, it would have been 1947 before they could have had an atom bomb. happened. Speer was loyal to Hitler, and his experience building prisoner of war camps and other structures for the military qualified him for the job. Hello. [10] After passing his exams in 1927, Speer became Tessenow's assistant, a high honor for a man of 22. [8] In 1924, when the crisis had abated, he transferred to the "much more reputable" Technical University of Munich. In her renowned biography, Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth, she describes her friend Schramm as "maybe the most moral person I have ever met". After one of these briefings, Hitler invited Speer to lunch, to the architect's great excitement. Albert Speer, nemki arhitekt in politik, * 19. marec 1905, Mannheim, 1. september 1981, London, Zdrueno kraljestvo . It began in 1932 but had not supplied any weaponry. The exterior walls survived, but they were eventually dismantled by the Soviets. Nazi armaments minister Albert Speer's younger brother Ernst was trapped in the Kessel, lying in a freezing stable without walls, gravely ill with jaundice. He had become one of the most powerful people in Nazi Germany. [136] Speer served a full term and was released at midnight on 1 October 1966. [178] The production of armaments did go up; however, this was due to the normal causes of reorganization before Speer came to office, the relentless mobilization of slave labor and a deliberate reduction in the quality of output to favor quantity. The public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich and a major war criminal became a popular figure almost overnight. William. Feigned repentance at Nuremberg, saving his own neck. Speer first heard Adolf Hitler speak during an address to the combined students and faculty of Berlin University and his institute. For early access to our videos, discounted merch and many other exclusive perks please support us as a Patron or Member.Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/the. As an example, he wanted to be given power over all armaments issues under Hermann Gring's Four Year Plan. In response, Hitler appointed Fritz Sauckel as a "manpower dictator" to obtain new workers. by PanzerKavallerie 27 Jul 2005, 16:15, Post Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. Albert Speer, the Nazi architect who built a Cathedral of Light for Hitler and commanded millions of prisoners in the forced production of weaponry, had a comfortable second life. This miracle was brought to a halt in the summer of 1943 by, among other factors, the first sustained Allied bombing. [22] Speer quickly became part of Hitler's inner circle; he was expected to call on him in the morning for a walk or chat, to provide consultation on architectural matters, and to discuss Hitler's ideas. He had claimed that he was unaware of Nazi extermination plans, and the Allies had no proof that he was aware. like so many other Germans his body was never found or returned to . For a treatise on this aspect of the war including Speer's involvement see: Randall, Hansen, Last edited on 17 February 2023, at 08:56, Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production, Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions, "Trials of the War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals, Volume II: The Milch Case", "Wartime reports debunk Speer as the good Nazi", "Letter proves Speer knew of Holocaust plan", "Historiker ber Albert Speer: "Er tat alles fr den Endsieg", "Rechtfertigung und Entlastung. 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